The Kinetics of Dental Liquid in Odontogenesis

The Kinetics of Dental liquid in OdontogenesisThe kinetics of dental consonant liquid in odontogenesis in the plan of the usable acid rampart of the embellishAbstractThe phenotypical characteristics of teeth and namely the caries resistance essentially depends on the particularities of odontogenesis. They determine the structural and functional stability of the enamel to the micro flora of the oral cavity. Resistance of hard dental interweaves to caries depends on the degree of mineralisation, in its turn depends on physiological processes of these tissues. Processes, which majority of them is controlled and guided on distance by specific cells odontoblasts, through interstitial liquid. Clinically the degree of resistance to caries, could be appreciated besides using the Test of Acid Resistance of enamel.Objectives The identification of morphological elements that assure the dental flows kinetics of the dental germens from the crypt.Methods We prep bed macropreparations u sing phased congelation, contrastation and maceration methods.ConclusionsAll permanent teeth in mammals, including humans, develop in cryptsCrypts channels open close to the corresponding temporary teethThe topography and anatomical structure of the describe crypts indicate upon their come-at-able role in collecting and eliminating the dental liquidThe functional insufficiency of the crypts drainage mechanism at distinct stages of odontogenesis as a result of the particularities of development may serve as a predictive and pr reddentive factor of the morbidity of dental caries .Keywords dental crypt, dental flow, acid resistance of enamel.IntroductionThe phenotypical characteristic of teeth and namely the caries resistance essentially depends on the particularities of odontogenesis. They determine the structural and functional stability of the enamel to the micro flora of the oral cavity. At the same time, the study of the processes that determine the make-up of the tooth as rise up as its function later the eruption is practically inexistent.All medical disciplines, including the surgical ones, except, maybe, only the traumatological ones have a therapeutical treatment stage. Only stomatology things are upside d profess.Why?We do not have elementary knowledge close the physiology and the pathological physiology of teeth. All the medical disciplines are based on vast physiological knowledge that are exposed in a tremendous number of scientific books. We do not. Although the clinical dentistryenjoys a great success and the patients cannot complain about a omit of services form the part of dentists our specialty cannot guarantee the prediction of dental caries and their complications.The cause is obvious we dont know the causes of the apparition of dental caries.We immediately resort to treatment actions, namely surgical actions only when the hard tissues are affected. When they are not, we do not have the diagnostic nor the motive to point involved.W hy do we have this situation?Is this the specific of our activity?Why dont we interfere with therapeutical remedies at the stage when the physiological processes in teeth progress to the pathological stage, when the changes in the hard tissues are just at the beginning, when the tissue is still intact?Because we can neither identify nor prevent this stage.We talk a lot about the tooths environment, about the aggressiveness of bacterial flora, about the composition of saliva forgetting that the tooth is a living organ with its own physiology.The enamel is an acellular tissue and just like the other tegumental tissues it is formed, sustained and restored directly by the internal resources of the existence. All these processes are coordinated by specific cells of the organ (in the case of the tooth by the odontoblasts). The latters, not having a direct contact with the whole enamel, can only coordinate the processes through the liquid flow , which moves centrifugally pushed by the de ntal pump-the pulp.But still in that sphere there are concrete factual proofs of existence and functioning everything above described, and these proofs have been existing for a long time. There is enamel liquid in the enamel and it centrifugally moves through special transporting structures, providing biologically necessary changes in all its strata. These facts are directly connected with caries bother and its possible prediction and control. Below we will talk about the data, and first of all, about four cardinal scientific facts.Inside enamel an essential masses depends on fraction liquid. Nobody knows the name of the first inquiryer who has noticed that enamel is wet and while world dried loses water becoming easier. Weight index counting due to volume has led to the proving that at teeth eruption up to one tenth belongs to free transferring liquid. instantaneously after eruption the volume is much large than at old age. We dont need hi-tech laboratories for discovering that fact. It is a problem for a gritty school student. But in the whole special literature ( known to us) that basic fact is being smoothed over even to the direction that the discussed volume makes 0,1-0,2%, i.e. there is a mistake in 2 orders, almost in 100 times.There is no doubt that between the internal environment of the organism (dental pulp) and the external layers of the enamel there is a column of liquid that moves towards the exterior and later appears as small liquid drops on the surface of the enamel. This was known well back in the 1930s and has been proved and confirmed by many researchers including A. Bertacci. 1. 2.The speed of the flow is disparate in different parts of life and even in different parts of the day.Fig. 1. Liquid drops on the surface of the enamel depending on the age of the person(1. immature enamel, 2. mature enamel, 3. senile enamel). (Drawn by prof. V. Okushko)3. Liquid transporting transfer ways existence , their absence served a reason to ta lk about surface strata autonomy, depending today exclusively on new environment. But the problem Is finally solved there is a regular transporting structure connecting a tooth pulp with all dentine and enamel strata. Nobody doubts that there arepores on the tissue surface. And finally wonderful watery branch-looked tubular structures were found which surely refer to liquid movement. 4, 5.4. This phenomenon is a scientific one close to clinics. Functional mobility of acid resistance is typical for tooth enamel. The ability of enamel surface to acid damage (pickling) turned out to be dependent not only on stable chemical substance structural peculiarities of minerals and organics but also on enamel micro-pores, which are protected by functional liquid stream. At experiments on rats and further in clinic research it was proved that tooth devitalization leads to enamel surface acid resistance reducing. In an alive tooth acid resistance can fluctuate in significant limits, being minimal in cariogenic conditions. 5. Structural ( on the devitalized tooth) and structural-functional resistance determination (on an alive tooth) was made on the basis of numerical evaluation of the enamel surface disorganisation degree under the influence of acid pickling certain doses at an incisor vestibular surface sector. The roughness was measured maximum objectively by the prophilometer prophilograph and was expressed in commonly used units of measuring. 7, 9. Such are in general the almost not recognized fundamental scientific facts concerning real tooth physiology concept.In the theories of development of the unhealthy process are thoroughly described the external factors that lead to the demineralisationand loss of the hard dental tissues, but the internal processes of the tooth are ignored. In the chemical concept of caries the leading role is attributed to the microbial flora and its metabolical products. In the biological concept the accent is put on the mineralisation of hard tissues , on the physiological processes and oddly on the central control through the liquid flow.The goal of the researchThe identification of morphological element that assure the dental flows kinetics of the dental germens from the crypt.Materials and research methodsThe phased congelation method of the maxillaries native preparates. This method allows us to visualise the liquid in solid form. We section the frozen preparate with a diamonded disc. During the sectioning the preparate is heating. To forefend this, the sectioning process is interrupted to freeze the preparate once again. Usually the congelation phases are repeated thrice. The sectioning is made 1/3 at a time, after which the preparate is congeal at -18 or -24 degrees Celsius.The contrastation method- the insertion of the Methylene Blue solution in the invagination using a needle. The volume of the solution varies from 1 ml to 3 ml, until the surplus leaks thrugh the interosseous channel of the crypt.The mace ration method- the preparate is obtained after boiling by horizontally sectioning the maxillary at 13-15 mm below the neck of a temporary toothFig. 2. A sagittal section with dental follicle in a crypt.Fig. 3. A crypt cavity with contrast solution.Fig. 4. Scheme of limits of dental follicle and dental crypt.Fig. 5. Macerated dental crypt in different mammals.Fig. 6. gap of crypts channelsin different mammalsThe experimental data allowed us to conclude that the components of dental follicles analysed and studied previously and appreciated as elements of the drainage system, that have the biological deputation to evacuate the liquid from the area where the hard dental tissue forms perhaps genuinely perform this task. We have objective data that talks about the possible residual liquid drainage system, which gaveforconstruction necessary ingredients to odontoblasts and enammeloblasts.In our experiments, we had to exercise a force that generated pressures of about tens of grams per sq uare centimetre.The crypts cavity in all preparates were bigger than limits of dental follicle, whichagainshowsaboutthepressureinside of it.Obviously, this data does not have complete veracity that would prove the affiliation of the previously described formations to the drainage system, which are utilised in the formation of dental tissues. But, at the same time, the clinical and experimental data gathered till this very moment, allow us to speak more confidently about this hypothesis. Its confirmation has a key role in finding the missing link that could help us appreciate the epidemiological status of dental caries. The insufficiency of this mechanism could be seen as an important factor in the spreading of caries and however different the local biological mechanisms of a tooths living and the global epidemiologic phenomenon may seem their bond is truly genuine. They are caused by the contemporarys man biological living conditions that are farthermost from normal.ConclusionsAll permanent teeth in mammals, including humans, develop in cryptsCrypts channels open close to the corresponding temporary teethThe topography and structure of the described crypts indicate upon their possible role in collecting ad eliminating the dental liquidThe functional insufficiency of the crypts drainage mechanism at different stages of odontogenesis as a result of the particularities of development may serve as a predictive and preventive factor of the morbidity of dental caries .