Proposal on How to Alleviate Delay at 3 Major Intersections in Akure Metropolis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2907 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? CHAPTER ONE 1. 1 INTRODUCTION The at-grade intersection form over 90% of the road network in the nation’s highway system. It plays an important role in the road network, where traffic flows in different directions converge. It is imperative that where two or more roads meet, there is always a need to make a provision for intersections design in other to channel traffic into different streams. Due to several interaction that takes place between road users and traffic control systems, capacity of intersections are always much lower than that of their approach carriage way. This often results into serious delay due to reduction in capacity. Report shows that the nation’s population has increased seriously from the last census conducted, so also is the population of resident of Akure metropolis. This, however, increased the vehicle ownership and traffic volume in the links has increased dramatically due to continuous high speed growth of her economy, which causes traffic congestions and often results into serious delay of the road users. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Proposal on How to Alleviate Delay at 3 Major Intersections in Akure Metropolis" essay for you Create order The transport infrastructure put in place in the city of Akure hasn’t been able to ameliorate traffic congestion in the city, especially at the city center. The improvement in the income of civil servant and the windfall arising from it to the private sector also has shown that there is rapid rate at which people bought vehicles. This has brought increase in vehicle within the state. With the increasing trend of vehicle, it is certain that the design volume of most intersections wouldn’t be able to cater for the present traffic situation especially during the peak periods of the day. This constitute to the delay experience often at the city’s intersections. Intersections in this country are operated through traffic control signals or by traffic warden, but most intersection within the city of Akure is under the operation on traffic officers. These two forms of control systems are sometimes found to be inadequate and irrelevant during the peak hour of the day, especially when the traffic volume of the approach lane to an intersection is beyond the design traffic volume. Inadequate traffic control system or improper channelization of traffic, however, sometimes creates more problems than they can solve. Today at most intersections, it is understood that unnecessary stops and delays lead to drivers discomfort particularly under extreme traffic condition, thereby increases travel time and fuel consumption rate. This is always as a result of insufficient capacity of these intersections and often led to drivers and pedestrian discomfort. This has caused many road users their precious time, as the adage says â€Å"Time is money†. Civil servant and business executives are sometimes deprived access on time to their offices and businesses due to endless time mostly spent at the nation’s intersection. It has been observed that some intersections within the city, no longer accommodate the increased in volume of traffic especially during the peak period of the day in respect to delays and inadequate capacity experiences at locations such as Cathedral/Ondo road junction, Youth center junction and Owo /Ijapo road junction. It is imperative to know why users experience such delay and at times traffic jam. This, therefore call for a research work to know how the traffic operations and the level of service on these intersection can be improve in other to enhance the standard of living of resident of Akure metropolis. 1. 2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to evaluate the average delay of three major intersections based on local traffic conditions. The objectives of this study are as follow. 1. To determine the average daily traffic volume of these intersection 2. To estimate the capacity of each intersection 3. To measure the effectiveness of each intersection in other to estimate or determine their level of service 4. To know the existing geometric features and their sizes in relation to capacity. 5. To know the traffic control systems and how it can be improved. 1. 3 JUSTIFICATION OF RESEARCH Since democratic government took place in the nation’s political system. The standard of living of public servant and their private counterpart has improved. The increment in their salary structure has influenced increase in the traffic volume of vehicle within the city of Akure. This makes road users to spend endless time before getting to their various destinations. Despite the relocation of the central market to another location in the city of Akure, some arterial still experiences unbearable delay by road users, this is always as a result of reduction in capacity of the intersection. It prompts for a research work on study of delays on few of these intersections and how it can be alleviated. CHAPTER TWO 2. 1 LITERATURE REVIEW Traffic delays and queues are principal performance measures that enter into the determination of intersection level of service (LOS), in the evaluation of the adequacy of lanes, and in the estimation of fuel consumption and emissions. Since numerous transport authorities decided that an acceptable LOS is one of the basic parameters to be fulfilled in signal control design, the obtained minimum delay being the foremost goal to the traffic engineers. Delays estimation at intersections has been extensively studied in the literature and several methods for estimating vehicle delay at intersections under traffic control system have been widely used. However, it seems that the exploration on the method for estimating the delay is still continuously conducted. This is may be due to the consideration of various variables which could affect the delays. As an example, the 1994 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) stated that the stopped delay can be multiplied by a factor of 1. 3 to obtain an approximate estimate of the total delay. Whereas several studies have found that this factor should be variable rather than just a constant value (Olszewski, 1993; Quiroga and Bullock, 1999; Mousa, 2002). The change of the primary factor for measuring the LOS at signalized intersection from stopped delay (HCM1994) to control delay (HCM1997 and 2000) also depicts the continuing improvement by incorporating current research findings. Dion et al (2004) illustrated five delay models for intersection under traffic control system: deterministic queuing model, shock wave delay model, steady-state stochastic delay model, time-dependent stochastic delay model, and finally, microscopic simulation delay model. The time-dependent stochastic delay model have been proposed over the years and have been incorporated into a number of capacity guides, such as those from the United States (TRB 1994, 1997, 2000), Australia (Akcelik, 1981) and Canada (ITE, 1995). Delay in the realm of signalized intersections is associated with the time lost to a vehicle and/or driver because of the operation of the signal and the geometric and traffic conditions present at the intersection (Click, 2003). While delay in the HCM 2000 context is defined as the difference between the travel time actually experienced and the reference travel time that would result during ideal conditions; in the absence of traffic control, in the absence of geometric delay, in the absence of any incidents, and when there are no other vehicles on the road. There are several different types of delay that can be measured at an intersection, and each serves a different purpose to the transportation engineer. The signalized intersection capacity and LOS estimation procedures are built around the concept of average control delay per vehicle. Control delay is the portion of the total delay attributed to traffic signal operation for signalized intersections (TRB, 2000). Control delay (overall delay) can be categorized into deceleration delay, stopped delay and acceleration delay. Stopped delay is easier to measure, while overall delay reflects better the efficiency of traffic signal operation (Olszewski, 1993). Typically, transportation professionals define stopped delay as the delay incurred when a vehicle is fully immobilized, while the delay incurred by a decelerating or accelerating vehicle is categorized as deceleration and acceleration delay, respectively. Various components of vehicular delay at signalized intersection including control delay used in the HCM (Quiroga and Bullock, 1999). In the 2000 version of the HCM, control delay is comprised of initial deceleration delay, queue move-up time, stopped delay, and final acceleration delay, though in earlier versions it included only stopped delay. Besides the control delay, there is another type of delay which vehicles experienced at intersection under traffic control system. This type of delay is identified as geometric delay. Luttinen and Nevala (2002) define geometric delay as the time lost due to the intersection geometry. Geometric delays may be large for turning movements. Total delay of a vehicle is the sum of control delay and geometric delay. On the other hand, the drivers’ perception and reaction time to the changes of the signal display at the beginning of the green interval and during yellow interval to mechanical constraints and to individual driver behavior also contribute to the traffic delay at signalized intersection. Husch and Albeck (2004) explain that during simulation process using SimTraffic micro simulation software, there are input parameters called as driver parameters. These parameters involve yellow deceleration, yellow reaction time, green reaction time, headways and gap acceptance factor. All these driver parameters depend on driver type. Green reaction time is the amount of time it takes the driver to respond to a signal changing to green. More aggressive drivers will have a shorter reaction time to green lights. This value ranges from 0. 8 to 0. 2 seconds. While headways are the amount of time between vehicles drivers try to maintain. When traveling at 30 ft/s a vehicle with 1-second headway will try to maintain 30ft between it and the leading vehicle. Gap acceptance factor is an adjustment to the approach gap times. This is the gap vehicles will accept at unsignalized intersections, for permitted right turns, and for left turns on red. These values range from 1. 15 to 0. 85 second. The higher values represent more conservative drivers (Husch and Albeck, 2004). 2. 2 DELAY MODEL IN HCM2000 After the release of the Highway Capacity Manual 1994, numerous researches have been undertaken to assess the changes that were made in the delay estimation model with respect to the 1985 version of the manual. Using the 1994 HCM version of the equation, traffic engineers were unable to: a) discriminate between fixed time and actuated control operation; b) evaluate oversaturated intersections or variable-length analysis periods; c) evaluate intersections using variable demand profiles on the intersection approaches; d) consider the filtering and metering effects of upstream signals; and e) fully consider the effects of progression on delay (Troutbeck and Kittelson, 1998). Prevedouros and Koga (1996) compared the 1985 and 1994 delay models using field data. In another research project, Akcelik (1996) extended the 1994 HCM delay progression factor to account for the prediction of queue length, queue clearance time, proportion of stopped vehicles in a queue, and queue move-up rate. Fambro and Rouphail (1997) proposed a generalized delay model that corrected some of the problems found in the 1994 HCM model and that is now the delay model found in the HCM 2000. In the HCM 2000, the average delay per vehicle for a lane group is given by Equations 1 to 4(TRB, 2000). d = d1 ? fpf + d2 + d3 ? r (1) with di=0. 5c [1-gc]2 [1-min(X, 1. 0). C] g (2) d2=900T [(X-1) +v(X-1)2 + 8K I X] cT (3) fpf= (1-P)f p 1-g (4) C Where: d = average overall delay per vehicle (seconds/vehicles), d1 = uniform delay (seconds/vehicles), 2 = incremental, or random, delay (seconds/vehicles), d3 = residual demand delay to account for over-saturation queues that may have existed before the analysis period (seconds/vehicles), PF = adjustment factor for the effect of the q uality of progression in coordinated systems, C = traffic signal cycle time (seconds), g = effective green time for lane group (seconds), X = volume to capacity ratio of lane group, c = capacity of lane group (vehicles/hour), K = incremental delay factor dependent on signal controller setting (0. 50 for pretimed signals; vary between 0. 4 to 0. 50 for actuated controllers), I = upstream filtering/metering adjustment factor (1. 0 for an isolated intersection), T = evaluation time (hours), P = proportion of vehicles arriving during the green interval, fp = progression adjustment factor. In this delay model the residual delay components d3 make use of vehicles instead of passenger car units to quantify traffic flows. The period analysis T is reported in hours instead of minutes, but this change is reflected in the use of a different multiplication factor in each term involving the variable T. In Equation 3, parameters k and I are introduced in the last term of the equation, and this term reduces to 0. 5 and 1. 0 when the values associated with pre-timed traffic signal control at an isolated intersection are used respectively. CHAPTER THREE PROJECT METHODOLOGY 3. 1 STUDY AREA Akure lies within 7 ° 15? north of the Equator and Longitude 5 ° 05? east of the Greenwich Meridian (See Figure 1). The area towards Ado-Ekiti and Idanre are hilly and studded with large granite formation, rising to 410 meters and 496 meters above sea level respectively. Traffic survey and intersection reconnaissance survey will be carried out at three busy intersections in Akure, named Cathedral/Ondo road intersection, Youth center junction and Owo /Ijapo road intersection. 3. 2 TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDIES DATA COLLECTION Traffic volume count for left turning movement, right turning movement and through movement would be conducted on each of the approach lane at the intersection, using one person each for lane. Heavy vehicle would be separated from the light vehicles. This would be done in the AM and PM peak periods, between (7-9) AM, (12-2) PM and (4-6) PM. The volume computed would be used to determine the capacity and volume/capacity ratio. 3. 3 DELAY STUDIES DATA COLLECTION Data on delays will be conducted according to the highway capacity manual, where two observers are sited at one approach of each intersection. The following tasks are performed by the two observers: †¢Observer 1 –Keeps track of the end of standing queues for each cycle by observing the last vehicle in each lane that stops due to the traffic control officer or device. This count includes vehicles that arrive on going but stop or approach within one car length of queued vehicles that have not yet started to move. At intervals between 10 s to 20 s, the number of vehicles in queue is recorded on the field sheet. The regular intervals for these observations should be an integral divisor of the cycle length. Vehicles in queue are those that are included in the queue of stopping vehicles (as defined above) and have not yet exited the intersection. For through vehicles, â€Å"exiting the intersection† occurs when the rear wheels cross the STOP line; for turning vehicles, â€Å"exiting† occurs when the vehicle clears the opposing vehicular or pedestrian flow to which it must yield and begins to accelerate. At the end of the survey period, vehicle-in-queue counts continue until all vehicles that entered the queue during the survey period have exited the intersection. †¢Observer 2 During the entire study period, separate counts are maintained of vehicles arriving during the survey period and of vehicles that stop one or more times during the survey period. Stopping vehicles are counted only once, regardless of how many times they stop. Data collected will be analyzed using the following equations in order to compute the total control delay, and to estimate the level of service. TQ = 0. 9 (Is x ? Viq) VT TQ = average time-in-queue, s/veh Is = time interval between time-in-queue counts ?Viq = sum of all vehicle-in-queue counts during survey period, vehicle VT = total number of vehicles arriving during survey period, vehicle To make adjustment for acceleration/deceleration delay requires that two values be computed: †¢The average number of vehicles stopping per lane, per cycle, and †¢The proportion of vehicles arriving that actually stop group. V SLC = VSTOP Nc x NL FVS = VSTOP VT V SLC = number of vehicles stopping per lane, per cycle, vehicle VSTOP = total count of stopping vehicles, vehicle Nc = number of cycles in the survey NL = number of lanes in the survey lane group FVS = fraction of vehicles stopping The final estimate of control delay can be calculated as follows d = TQ + (FVS x CF) The value of CF is a correction factor that is given at the table below Adjustment Factor for Acceleration/Deceleration Delays Free Flow Speed (mile/h)| | | 7 vehs| 8 – 9 vehs| 20 – 30 vehs| lt; 3737 – 45 45| +5+7+9| +2+4+7| -1+2+5| CONTRIBUTION OF RESEARCH 1. This research can assist traffic engineer and road planner in future intersections design. 2. Guideline on how the quality of movement at intersection can be improved. 3. Traffic volume trend observed can be inferred to any future intersection designs. 4. This can help to generate timing for signal control system. REFRENCES Akcelik, R. (1996), Progression Factor for Queue Length and Other Queue -Related Statistics, Transportation Research Record 1555, 99-104 Dion, F. t al (2004), Comparison of Delay Estimates at Under-Saturated and Over-Saturated Pre-Timed Signalized Intersections, Transportation Research Part B 38 (2004), 99–122. Fambro, D. , and N. Rouphail (1997), Generalized Delay Model for Signalized Intersections and Arterials, Transportation Research Record 1572, 112-121. Mousa, R. M. (2002), Analysis and Modeling of Measured Delays at Isolated Signalized Intersections, Journal of Transportation Engineering Vol. 128 No. 4. Quiroga, C. A. , and Bullock, D. (1999), Measured Control Delay at Signalized Intersections, Journal of Transportation Engineering Vol. 25 No. 4. Olszewski, P. (1993), Overall Delay, Stopped Delay, and Stops at Signalized Intersections, Journal of Transportation Engineering Vol. 119 No. 6. Prevedouros, P. D. , and Koga, C. A. (1996), Comparison of 1985 and 1994 Signalized Intersection Delay Estimates, ITE Journal Vol. 66 No. 7. Troutbeck, R . and Kittelson, W. (1998), An Overview of the 1997 HCM Update, ITE Journal Vol. 68 No. 7. Click, M. (2003), Variables Affecting the Stopped to Control Delay at Signalized Intersection, TRB 2003 Annual Meeting. Akcelik, R. et al (2002), aaSIDRA Traffic Model Reference Guide, Akcelik Associates Pty Ltd, Australia. Husch, D. , and Albeck, J. (2004), SimTraffic Version 6, Trafficware, California. Luttinen, R. , and Nevala, R. (2002), Capacity and Level of Service of Finnish Signalized Intersections, Finnra Reports 25/2002. Transportation Research Board (2000), Highway Capacity Manual 2000, National Research Council, Washington D. C. Wallace, C. E. et al (1998), TRANSYT-7F Version 9, McTrans University of Florida, Florida.

American Beauty Term Paper - 2305 Words

Term Paper: American Beauty What are the costs of living in a success-driven, consumer-oriented, image-obsessed society? This challenge to contemporary America’s suburban culture finds a voice in Sam Mendes’ 1999 movie American Beauty. The film’s complex subtlety underscores its implication that subtlety itself is a casualty in our society. American Beauty’s tagline exhorts viewers to â€Å"look closer,† but the film expresses ambivalence concerning what is revealed by closer inspection. On one hand, protagonist Lester Burnham (Kevin Spacey) and his young neighbor Ricky Fitts (Wes Bentley) speak of the unappreciated beauty surrounding us; however, Lester also begins to question the values of a world that seems perfect but is actually a†¦show more content†¦Mendes and cinematographer Conrad Hall substitute film of a lower resolution to add realism to shots supposedly filmed with Ricky’s video camera. Black and white footage in the closing montage sequence diffe rentiates Lester’s memories of his life and family from the story time of the flashback that makes up the rest of the movie. However, the most important feature of American Beauty’s camerawork is the use of the technique to reinforce the message of the movie’s tagline, which tells viewers to â€Å"look closer.† Though zoom-out shots occasionally appear – most notably in the closing helicopter shot – they are far outnumbered by zooms that bring the audience closer to the subject. This preponderance not only contributes to the film’s theme but also emphasizes zoom-outs, particularly in the final shot of the film. Ricky makes abundant use of the zoom feature on his camera, and because his subject is often Jane, close ups on her are common. One particularly interesting example appears in the scene of Angela spending the night with Jane in the movie’s first section. 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Theology and Religious Studies for Christ - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTheology and Religious Studies for Christ Teachings. Answer: Introduction Church represents the body of Christ, the body has many parts that works together to achieve a common body desire. Example, the eyes sees something that needs to be picked but cannot without the help of another body part that is mainly the hands. In the same way, the church is one body that functions on the basis of Christ teachings. The congregation in the church is composed of different people, each has a role to play to ensure that the teachings of Christ are followed. Dorothy Days quote in the text was on brotherhood and love, a teaching that Christ gave to His disciples[1]. He urged them to live like brothers and always to love each other just like He did to them. This quote was influenced by beliefs that Christians live with and act upon by day to implement Christ teachings in their lives. Discussion Truth and Faith. This is the act of being honest with believe in Christ. Dorothy Day was influenced by the act of honesty while dealing with all especially the poor in the society. The rich didnt show honesty in their dealings with the poor as they only cared for their own desires and not the needs of the poor. The church has the role to ensure that the poor are filled with satisfaction in spite of the mysterious treat by the rich in faith that Gods will be done in their lives. As a result, the day was inspired by the need to remain truthful in all situations and in belief that Christ reigns above all and that His followers should be mindful about the wellbeing of others. Christians remain truthful in their actions of mercy and generosity to the poor. Despite the mysterious acts by the rich in the society on the poor, Christians have ensured that they provide for the poor through charity works just as Christ deed as they preach the good news to them. Faith has enabled Christians to i ntercede on behalf of the church through prayers to fight against any deceitful form of spirit attacking in belief that God reigns above such spirits. Through Faith, Christians are able to live a holy and Christ like life as they believe he will come back for them[2]. Love. This is a Christian virtue and also one of the greatest commandments that has a promise, love for God the creator of heaven and earth and love for brotherhood without a limit. Dorothy day quote was influenced by Christ teaching on love to all without a distinction of origin, skin colour and with all means of compassion. As a result of increased suffering of the people in America, the communist came up with means to fight for their rights but they were dishonored and accused of issues befalling the people. The quote was made to advocate for Christ love and sense of ownership among the many people who were left unappreciated for their efforts even at work places. Christian teachings are based on the love for Christ and use this in their lives to better lives of those who are in despair[3]. By sharing what they have with the poor, incorporating the unwanted in the society and also teaching them about love is among the many ways that Christians enhance Christ love in their living t oday. The modern church has enhanced Christian understanding about love as it has expounded it in different clear versions. Example, as a feeling of ownership, sharing, being poor in Christ and feeding the hungry as one assists Gods children who are in need. Humanity and a sense of ownership. Just as Christ taught, humankind is a sense of Gods presence among His people, all are created in the image and likeness of God and everything put on the earth by Him is under humankind care. Dorothy Day was influenced by this Christian belief illustrating that though some have more than others in this world, it was the intention of Christ for all to live as equals. Share what we have among the rich as well as the poor and in favorable conditions glued by love for Christ on humanity. The rich should respect and appreciate the efforts of their workers as they enhance their success, by creating favorable working conditions, appreciating their efforts through Godly manner according to Christ teachings to give them a sense of ownership. Marxism theory on humanity, illustrated that all human beings are linked to certain relations that enhance their ways of living. In the same way, Christians have supported human relations and a healthy well-being of peop le in the society[4]. They speak against humanity crisis brought about by actions of the rich and the most powerful against the poor and the powerless. Example, Pope Francis has stood strong in advocating for humanity in cases where its dishonored. Fairness and peace. Dorothy day was enhanced by the urge of a peaceful coexistence among the people and fair treatment in all activities conducted. Fairness is the ability to treat all as equals depending on the related situation, as a result peace is enhanced. It was observed that the increased cases of conflicts among the people was as a result of unfair treatment. The rich should not be more concerned of getting more profits in their businesses more than enhancing the well- being of their workers, they should be fair in all their activities. According to the teachings of the day, just as Christ was fair to all, its important that all are fair to enhance peace among them. The protestors advocating for the well- being of the people should be fairy treated in order to enhance peace without wrong judgement just as Christ taught[5]. Christians have enhanced fairness in the church and in the society at large. Example, teachings on fairness in churches and related Christian gatherings to enhance understanding of fairness as a gear of peace. Christians acts of fairness in their activities ensure they act as good examples to others in the society. Influence of above Christians beliefs as a teacher. Truth and faith. As a teacher, truth and faith are important beliefs to enhance productivity, healthy and positive Christ like relations both at work and to oneself. Truthfulness will enhance honesty deeds to both the students and education fraternity through provision of the right skills without breach. There are various challenges related to teaching as a career that can only be solved by any truthful evidence, example, wrong judgement from other teachers, employer or from students. Faith on the other hand enhances ones believe about success. As a teacher, one is categorized with his or her ability to succeed in teaching by producing good performing students, with faith I will be able to carry out all my teaching activities to the best of my ability believing in good performance following the right set procedures. Love. Just like Christ teaching, love is the greatest of all the Ten Commandments given to Moses by God to guide His people. As a teacher, loving all is my duty, in all situations to share and support the education fraternity that has incorporated me. Showing love to the unloved students as well as other people in the society is important to ensuring that there is love possession among all. This is important to enhance good teaching environment as well as an improved performance. Positive relations among teachers and teachers, students and teachers or teachers and their employers is influenced by respect that is as a result of love. In my role as a teacher, this will be important to ensuring that all my actions enhance love to acquire respect for good performance[6]. Humanity and sense of ownership. As a teacher dealing with different people, humanity aspect is very important to ensuring that all are treated in respect and as required by law. Students understanding and performance should not be measured in line with their race and ethnicity but according to their level of understanding. As a teacher I will enhance humanity by ensuring that equity among students and others in education fraternity is at per. Sense of belonging is important to enhance motivation among the students, good performance by the students should in most cases be related to their hard work more than that of the teacher. This will enhance their sense of belonging to even performing better in other life activities in addition to my encouragements as a teacher. Fairness and peace. As a teacher, its clear that acts of fairness leads to a peaceful coexistence both at workplace and in day to day life activities. Students judgement on various mistakes should be fair at all times. To ensure this as a teacher, all mistakes that are punishable students will be punished without fail where its relevant. In cases of any complains, the right protocol to rectify them will be followed. This is important to ensuring peace among all, be it personal or as a group. This is important in my teaching career to enhance a peaceful coexistence among all education fraternity involved. Bibliography Averett, Kate Henley. "The Catholic Worker Ethic and the Spirit of Marxism." Unruly Catholics from Dante to Madonna: Faith, Heresy, and Politics in Cultural Studies (2013): 95. Day, Dorothy, and Robert Ellsberg. 2012. All the way to heaven: the selected letters of Dorothy Day; edited by Robert Ellsberg. New York: Image Books. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truescope=sitedb=nlebkdb=nlabkAN=742867. Peters, Benjamin T. "Ignatian Radicalism: The Influence of Jesuit Spirituality on Dorothy Day." Catholic Historical Review 103, no. 2 (Spring2017 2017): 297-320. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed October 7, 2017). Phillips, Jacob. "'Being Scorned by One's Own is Perfect Joy': The Strange Case of Dorothy Day." Journal of Religious History 37, no. 4 (December 2013): 528-540. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed October 7, 2017). Ricco, Robert B., and Anthony Sierra. "Argument Beliefs Mediate Relations between Attachment Style and Conflict Tactics." Journal of Counseling Development 95, no. 2 (April 2017): 156-167. Professional Development Collection, EBSCOhost (accessed October 7, 2017). Smith, Rebecca, and Emma Massey. "Aspects of Love: The Effect of Mortality Salience and Attachment Style on Romantic Beliefs." Omega: Journal Of Death Dying 66, no. 2 (November 2012): 135-151. Professional Development Collection, EBSCOhost (accessed October 7, 2017).

Horizontal Analyses free essay sample

Ratio, Vertical, and Horizontal Analyses Regina Stewart XACC/280 February 3, 2012 Jose Rodriguez Ratio, Vertical, and Horizontal Analyses A detailed examination of the tools used in financial analysis, in addition to their various functions, is provided within this paper. The current ratio and calculations on the questions are provided herein. A variety of tools are used to assess the importance of financial data. Frequently used tools of financial statement analysis consist of horizontal analysis, vertical analysis and ratio analysis. These techniques assist in the evaluation of financial statements providing information regarding the financial condition of a business. Evaluating the data of financial statements over a period of time, is considered horizontal analysis and is primarily used in intracompany comparisons with the purpose of determining an increase or decrease over a period of time. Vertical analysis expresses individual items in the financial statement in the percentage format of the base amount and is used in comparisons of both intracompany and intercompany. We will write a custom essay sample on Horizontal Analyses or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Vertical analysis reflects the comparative size of each category in the balance sheet along with the percentage change in the individual asset, liability, and stockholders’ equity items. Ratio analysis articulates the relationship between selected items of financial statement data and is used in all three comparison types. Ratios can be used to evaluate liquidity, profitability, and solvency in addition to providing evidences to underlying conditions that may not be obvious. Current ratio computation for Pepsico Current ratio evaluates a company’s liquidity and the ability to repay short-term debt and is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. Pepsico current ratio for 2005 Current ratio=Current assetsCurrent liabilitiesCurrent ratio=104549406=1. 1 Pepsico current ratio for 2004 Current ratio=Current assetsCurrent liabilitiesCurrent ratio=86396752=1. 3 Analysis Depending on who is analyzing the Pepsico current ratio determines whether the analysis is favorable.

Television Influence Essays (1329 words) - Behavior, Human Behavior

Television Influence Television influences behaviors, social attitudes and physical health especially in children. Children today spend more time watching television than on any other single leisure activity. In fact, studies have shown that "the average child spends more time in front of the television than in school" (Clarke and Kurte-Coastes, 1997). There are a variety of influences that children gain from watching too much television. The impact of violence on children is a major issue, as well as the impact of stereotypical views, such as sex roles. Health can also become a problem for children who spend excessive amounts of time in front of the television. There are, however, alternatives to these problems. Parent, schools and the governments need to take control and monitor children and television. After all, television was once used as an educational tool it has only recently become a babysitter. The effect of violence in television has been debated for many years. In a recent study, Strasburger and Donnerstein (1999), suggests that there is a positive correlation between violence viewed on television and aggressive behavior in children. The way television violence is portrayed encourages children to learn aggressive attitudes and behaviors. For example most violence on television is glamorized by using a "good" character that is likely to be perceived as role model to initiate violence. This gives children the impression that violence is justified, desirable, and painless. Violence on television also increases fear or gives children the wrong impression about the world. Many children have a hard time making distinctions about what is real and unreal. Therefore, they begin to believe that the television depicts violence in the "real world." The bottom line is, "children learn their attitudes about violence at a very young age, and once learned, the attitudes tend to be life-long" (Strasburger and Donnerstein, 1999). Television also encourages stereotyped opinions on topics such as sex roles. Research shows that children who spend more time watching television tend to think that both women and men have specified roles in the world (Kent and Moy, 1999). Television usually portrays women as passive and weak compared to men who are usually depicted as strong and dominant (Steinberg and Kincheloe, 1997). This gives children a clear impression of what is expected of them in society. It insists that they too should act this way because it is, after all, what society views appropriate. Television even pushes children toward specific sex role using toys. Most toy commercials, for example, even insist that some toys are only for girls while others are only for boys. Children are very rarely encouraged to play with toys that are known to be for the opposite sex. For example, boys aren't aloud to play with dolls and girls aren't aloud to play with trucks. Television also emphasizes the importance of physical beauty. Stress is placed on looking a certain way, whether it is having the right clothing or being a certain weight. These are influences that children take very seriously considering that most children want to be the "popular" one in school. Take the Mighty Morphine Power Rangers, for example, the female good rangers are viewed typically as beautiful and perfect. The female villains are typically viewed as "repulsive" and are teased. In most schools this is the " kind of schoolyard harassment to which unpopular girls are subjected" (Steinberg and Kincheloe, 1997). Television also takes a major toll on a child's physical health. Obesity in children is rising and television is being credited in playing apart. One reason may be that children are spending less time on physical activities, such as, swimming and riding bikes (Vecchine, 1997). Evidence also shows that children like to snack while watching television, which can add to the weight especially for those children who do not do much physical activity. Commercials on television also play a part in weight gain among children. Commercials tend to enhance a child's craving for the food products being advertised which persuades children to buy their food. In most cases the food advertised on television is high in calories and fat, which adds weight (Anonymous, 1999). Although television influences many children all over the world there are alternatives to the problem. Starting at home parents need to be aware of what their children are watching, as well as how many hours are spent watching television. More importantly parents need to take time to watch and discuss the programs with their children. (victor stasburger and edward donnerstein, 7). This allows for the children, especially the smaller ones who have a hard time differentiating reality form fiction,

Diversity in our society essays

Diversity in our society essays Diversity in society essential for our World: In human life diversity have always existed. Difference among people, race, culture and society is essential on the survival of our world. Its true how the world will be if every individual are similar? How the world will survive with only one race with all the same wants and needs. Differences are what make us special. Different way of thought and thinking process is natural and important. Its what put action and life in our society. This essay will show how society is reflectedin America, A Modest Proposal, Is History a Guide to the Future? and The one Who Walk Away from Omelas. We will see how those works are different and similar at the same time. We will see that we can make some liasons between those work. In the poems America its easy to figure out that the society reflected is the American one. Its the American dream. In the poem an American act has an narrator and is talking about how is country is now. How he hides is self and how he lies to himself. They think and want to look like they are the best. If you take a deep look behind her mask and look at it by the inside you realize that the country is full of problems. America is full of problems and filled with lies. Its a dream for other and a nightmare for some. Also the author want to say that there is two class of peoples. (Rich and the poor) If your rich its like a dream but if your not you live in a nation were you disgusted of it. In America the society is a society of perfection and power. What we do is good and better than the other. Its a kind of self-interst When we talk about self-interest we can include the short fiction story. The ones who walk away from Omelas and A modest Proposal. Both are example of society of self Interest. In theOnes wh ...

Analysis Of Speech Event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Analysis Of Speech Event - Essay Example He also expressed his great respect for President Bush, and that â€Å"he had performed magnificently during the crisis†, which had followed the September 11th attacks on the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York, â€Å"and he had shown real qualities of leadership which had been required at that time†. The purpose of the interview was to obtain information on crucial world matters from a world leader. In this interview with only one main interviewee, the criterion of role, status and norm as applied to Tony Blair was one of power, and the questions were also formulated according to the needs of the situation. Since Mr. Blair had on earlier occassions been interviewed by Larry King, (as seen in the welcome given to him by King: â€Å" A return visit for the Prime Minister of Great Britain, Tony Blair†) he had a good rapport with him. He paid less attention to role, status and norm, and hence his responses approached proximity language. He spoke about talking with U.S. President George Bush several times a week, as it was necessary to â€Å"keep closely in contact with key allies and partners, so that we are working things through together, because one of the almost unique features of this crisis is how many different facets it’s got†.

Assignment2-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment2-1 - Essay Example Reconstruction was a failure in the South, as the white Southerners placed several obstacles in the way of African-American political participation. With the abolition of slavery through the Thirteenth Amendment of 1865, African-Americans sought political participation. This was bitterly opposed by the white Southerners, who were granted the right by President Johnson to form new governments. They passed the Black Code, denying African-Americans the right to buy or lease land, to vote, to attend public schools, to testify against whites or serve on juries and continue to toil as servants for their former masters. Racial supremacists, like the Ku Klux Klan, resorted to violence and lynching of African-Americans. The race riots in Memphis and New Orleans in 1866 saw the blatant massacre of eighty-nine African-Americans. The radical Republican Congress, although it overrode President Johnson’s obstinate resistance to reconstruction, and resorted to the use of federal troops in th e South, could not achieve its objectives due to the severe economic depression in the South, the racism inherent in generations of white Southerners and the electoral malpractices resorted to by them. 2 In the light of the new constitutional legislation enacted by the Republican Congress, the Reconstruction may be viewed as a success. The Fourteenth Amendment of 1868 guaranteed Blacks civil rights and equality before the law; the Fifteenth Amendment of 1870 mandated racially impartial voting rights; the Civil Rights Act of 1875 banned racial segregation. The Freedmen’s Bureau, whose powers were expanded by Congress, assisted former slaves to assert their rights. Several former slaves, including Oscar Dunn, Francis Cardozo, John Menard, Jasper White and Hiram Revels, held legislative office, and entered the Congress, the Senate and the judiciary. 3 Equal civil and political rights for African-Americans were ensured by such

1.Critically examine assessment and interventions for a specific Essay

1.Critically examine assessment and interventions for a specific client group (dual diagnosis) presenting with alcohol or drug misuse - Essay Example The slightly modified term â€Å"co-occurring substance misuse and mental health problems† refers more specifically to the observation that these co-occurring substance use and mental issues are frequently associated with the misuse of drugs and alcohol in ways that may complicate and contribute to psychological illness. In this context, the term â€Å"substance misuse† refers to the use of illegal drugs, the illicit use of prescription drugs and/or the excessive use of alcohol. When substance misuse and mental health problems co-occur in the same individual, this is termed a â€Å"dual diagnosis† or â€Å"co-morbidity†, although it should be noted that these two terms may apply more generally to any two conditions existing simultaneously in the same individual. The increased awareness of the co-existence of mental health and substance abuse issues in clients seeking or requiring psychological treatment represents an acknowledgement that mental health issues may have complex, multi-faceted origins that require individualized approaches to treatment and recovery (Drake & Wallach, 2000). It has also drawn attention that many individuals who are substance abusers are not simply guilty of criminal or excessive behaviours, but may abuse drugs or alcohol in the context of undiagnosed or untreated mental illness (Brems et al., 2006). The purpose of this essay is to explore some of the current assessment and therapeutic approaches to the treatment of clients presenting with this type of dual diagnosis, including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing (MI), and brief interventions. Cognitive behavioural therapy is a therapeutic approach that is based on the premise that psychological issues are the product of aberrant thought processes and associated behaviours (Mueser et al., 2005). The goal of this approach is

Psychosocial Effects On Dementia Carers

Psychosocial Effects On Dementia Carers Dementia is a chronic, heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder which develops as a function of age, typically from 65 years old, with symptoms ranging from personality changes and losses of memory/intellect to severe reductions in mobility. Alzheimers disease is the most prevalent form of dementia (Cooper Greene, 2005). The diverse and deteriorating nature of the dementia process is uncontrollable and dramatically reduces suffers ability to care for themselves independently, resulting in the need to be cared for, predominantly by informal carers, constituting family members; particularly Spouses or children of the dementia sufferer. Consequently, the majority of dementia sufferers remain living at home (Rabins, Mace Lucas, 1982). Undoubtedly the role of caring for a person living with dementia has negative psychological (Dura, Kiecolt-Glaser Stukenberg, 1990) and social effects (Rabins et al.) on carers. However, amount of social support carers receive (Haley, Levine, Brown Bart olucci, 1987), stage of the dementia process (Quinn, Clare, Pearce Dijkhuizen, 2008; Haley Pardo, 1989) and symptoms expressed (Kinney Stephens, 1989) mediate negative psychosocial effects on carers. Psychosocial effects can be also be positive (Andren Elmstahl, 2005), with gender mediation (Fitting, Rabins, Lucas Eastham, 1986). Indirect causes of psychosocial effects on carers are financial strain (OShea, 2003) whilst effects of dementia on society also exist (Wimo, Ljunggren Winblad, 1997). Firstly, in relation to psychological effects on carers of persons living with dementia, research proposes behavioural symptoms expressed by dementia sufferers are the predominant cause of negative effects carers experience. Behavioural symptoms range from embarrassing public behaviour to self-harm, causing carers to be persistently aware of the dementia sufferers actions which subsequently induces psychological effects of stress, anxiety, emotional upset and fatigue on carers (Dura et al., 1990). The dementia sufferers argumentative temperament, violence towards carers and rejecting carers help also augments psychological stress and upset, with exhaustion as dementia sufferers often wake carers at night, augmenting further fatigue and thus stress (Rabins et al., 1982). In consequentially, following extensive periods of care (approximately 74months), psychological well-being of carers reduces dramatically with 30% expressing symptoms of depression, not existent prior to commencement of caring (Dura et al.). Implying, induction of negative psychological effects on carers are a direct consequence of caring for the person with dementia. Secondly, caring for a person with dementia induces negative social effects on carers with an average 30 of 55 carers reporting feeling social-isolated as a consequence of fulltime care, due to restricted time available for social activities/friendships, to insufficient support from family members and also due to leaving fulltime employment, as the work place is a major basis for social-interaction. Considering, carers undergo these major life changes to care for the dementia sufferer it is not surprising they feel socially-isolated, especially when dementia sufferers communication abilities deteriorate (Rabins et al., 1982) and feel ultimately trapped (Gaugler, Anderson, Zarit Pearlin, 2004). Furthermore, social effects on carers elucidate the relationship between caring for dementia sufferers and depression, as social isolation amplifies the probability of carers experiencing depressive symptomology. This is vilified by carers who receive social support, remain in contact with soc ial networks and partake in social activities and consequently report absence of depression, reduced stress and augmented satisfaction (Haley et al., 1987). Thus, effects on carers of persons living with dementia can be psychological and social; psychosocial but appear mediated by carers social situation. The stage of dementia is also primary (Quinn et al., 2008) Thirdly, severity of psychosocial effects on carers of persons living with dementia, appear determined by the stage of dementia. As Quinn et al. (2008) proposed negative psychosocial effects on carers are at their peak of severity during early dementia stages due to drastic changes taking place in carers lives, primarily, adapting to prevalent changes in the dementia sufferer and accepting changes in the relationship with the dementia sufferer with augment carers stress (Burns Rabins, 2000). Conversely, Haley and Pardo (1989) proposed negative psychosocial effects peak during later dementia stages, specifically augmented stress levels and social isolation as carers role becomes increasingly demanding. Particularly, care of daily needs, such as feeding and clothing due to dementia sufferers declining immobility due to the deteriorating progression of dementia. Also anxiety augments with fear of the dementia sufferers looming death (Rabins et al., 1982). Moreover, it is comprehensible both early and latter dementia stages induce negative psychosocial effects on carers, although which stage carers perceive to account for the majority of negative effects relies on individual differences. Especially as some carers conversely report later dementia stages to reduce negative psychosocial effects as behavioural symptoms become less adverse which may, be easier for some carers to cope with. Furthermore, some carers even report satisfaction from aiding daily-needs of immobile dementia sufferers (Kinney Stephens, 1989). However, older carers seemingly experience augmented psychological stress than do younger carers (Kiecolt-Glaser, Dura, Speicher, Trask Glaser, 1991) whereas younger carers experience augmented social-isolation and rage, with all effects appearing worse for women (Fittings et al., 1986). In view of these individual differences, two hypotheses are proposed to account for variability in psychosocial effects experienced by carers. The first;Wear and Tear hypothesis predicts; as symptoms of dementia sufferers worsen, so do carers stress and depression levels, subsequently affecting carers social life, inducing negative psychosocial effects which supports Haley and Pardo (1989) findings as suggestive of later dementia stages inducing greatest negative psychosocial effects on carers. Whereas the second;Adaptation-hypothesis predicts carers adapt to caregiving requirements and subsequently experience reduced stress and increased satisfaction over time, thus reduced negative and increased positive psychosocial effects on carers (Townsend, Noelker, Deimling Bass, 1989). Accordingly, Townsend et al. indeed revealed the majority of adult-child carers; 52% (averaging 47 years old), actually adapted overtime to their caregiving role, supporting earlier dementia stages as inducti ve of the most negative psychosocial effects, which accounted for both centralized and non-centralized caregivers. Although relationship between carer-dementia parent prior to caregiving mediated whether adaptation or declination occurred. Nevertheless, deciphering which carers require support during early or later stages of dementia may aid alleviation of negative psychosocial effects on carers of persons living with dementia (Townsend et al.). Although positive, psychosocial effects on carers are also reported (Andren Elmstahl, 2005). Andren and Elmstahl (2005) report carers experience positive psychosocial effects, specifically, portrayals of positive behaviour and interaction with dementia sufferer is gratifying for carers. Particularly because interaction is gratifying for the dementia sufferer which positively enhances carer mood; decreasing negative psychosocial effects.. Although carers experiencing positive psychosocial effects appear to be those who perceive their caring ability positively and have established coping mechanisms such as talking to others about their feelings; emotion-focused coping and learning more about what dementia is; problem-focused coping/information seeking, particularly decreasing feelings of social isolation (Haley et al., 1987). However the carers Andren and Elmstahl assessed, received help from care nurses and only cared for the dementia sufferer around every two months, thus due to their limited involvement and supplementary support, it is not surprising carers reported augment ed positive as compared to negative psychosocial effects. Further suggesting time involvement as mediating negative psychosocial effects on carers, especially as OShea (2003) reported two-thirds of carers working approximately 80 hours per week caring for the person with dementia; double the average working week, experienced caring to be highly stressful and felt substantial social isolation due to extensive time devoted to caring. Carers reported they would exhibit greater satisfaction by receiving supplementary support allowing reduced working hours, which therefore supports Andren and Elmstahls findings. Although, O Shea reported 73% of carers do receive support from formal carers, suggesting lack of support from family members causes negative psychosocial effects or formal carers being strangers may augment carers stress (Burns Rabins, 2000). Even so, other variables require investigation, particularly financial cost (O Shea, 2003). The cost of caring for a person living with dementia can be up to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬630 per week and considering majority of carers leave employment or work fewer hours to care for the dementia sufferer; carers are reported to averagely lose à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬200 per week. Consequently, two-thirds of carers report financial difficulties especially as only 30% of carers receive carers allowance (OShea, 2003), thus inducing psychological stress due to financial strain. Furthermore, caring for a dementia sufferer at home saves society  £6billion per year which stresses the high cost of dementia care being absorbed by carers which undoubtedly increases carers psychological stress. On-the-other-hand carers may merely desire recognition in the form of payment from society for their challenging role as a carer, as it seems stress is induced on carers due to feeling ignored by society (O Shea). Considering many carers stated that they would receive satisfaction from just à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬2.40 an h our, suggests recognition of carers duties with a small financial payment may convert negative psychosocial effects on carers to positive. Without this payment, society potentially face problems by inheriting the bulk cost of dementia care if carers struggle to cope and resort to early institutionalization of the dementia sufferer, which is reported to cost $166 per day in America (Wimo et al., 1997). On-the-other-hand, institutionalizations may reduce negative psychosocial effects on carers (Gaugler, Pot and Zarit, 2007). Gaugler et al. (2007) reported alleviation of carers psychological stresses associated with daily aiding of dementia sufferers and social effects associated with social isolation due to constant care when dementia sufferers are placed in nursing homes. However these effects are reduced only temporarily as carers consequentially report psychological effects of guilt of institutionalizing the dementia sufferer, which suggests, even after their central role as a carer ends, psychological effects still remain. Although compared to nursing homes, group-living homes are designed to resemble the typical home and Colvez, Joel, Ponton-Sanchez and Royer (2002) found carers to experience less psychological stress associated with guilt when placing the dementia sufferer into group-living homes. Possibly because they are more sociable, granting dementia sufferers a better quality of life which feeds-back positively to carers. However this does not seem consistent for all carers (Boekhorst et al., 2008). Nevertheless, group-living homes may be an intervention to reduce negative psychosocial effects on carers. Interventions are also essential, particularly as co-existence of negative psychosocial effects on carers appear to enhance probability of physiological effects on carers such as ill health (Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 1991). Moreover, carers may benefit from training in how to effectively care for a dementia sufferer and knowledge of the nature of the dementia deterioration may make caregiving less stressful by increasing carers awareness and predictability of the dementia process (OShea, 2003). Personally, assigning a mentor to carers may teach effective ways of caring whilst simultaneously providing them with support, attacking both psychological and social effects on carers of persons living with dementia. Although individual carer assessments may be needed to ensure interventions are targeted at reducing the psychosocial effects particular carers experience (Rabins et a l., 1982). Overall, it is prominent that caring for persons living with dementia is a demanding role with various, predominantly negative psychological (stress and depression) and social effects (social isolation) on carers. Although there is no unified theory accountable for all carers which can predict definite psychosocial effects that will be experienced by all carers, as no single individual or situation is identical. Multiple variables have emerged which appear to mediate psychosocial effects on carers, particularly carers received level of social support (Haley et al., 1987), the stage of dementia (Quinn et al., 2008; Haley Pardo, 1989) and the symptoms expressed (Kinney Stephens, 1989). Although individuals adopting coping mechanisms appear more likely to experience positive psychological effects (satisfaction) and positive social effects (interaction with the patient) of caring for a person living with dementia. Although Indirect mediators; not directly related to the dementia suffer per se; financial cost of caregiving, induce stress due to financial strain. Future research needs to decipher carers at risk of experiencing negative psychosocial effects and subsequently address interventions aimed at reducing negative psychosocial effects to reduce probability of carers developing not only mental deterioration (depression) but also physiological deterioration (Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 1991).

The Vindication of Rights of Women Essay -- Literary Analysis, Mary Wo

In Mary Wollstonecraft’s essay â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Women† she constantly compares men and women. Her comparisons range from their physical nature to their intelligence, and even down to the education that each sex receives. Wollstonecraft states, â€Å"In the government of the physical world it is observable that the female in point of strength is, in general, inferior to the male.†(line 1.35-37) to show that women are inferior to men in physicality, and a number of areas throughout the essay, yet through it all she voices her concerns for the rights of women and how well deserved they are. Throughout mankind’s history there has been an obvious bias towards men. Men have always been deemed superior to women, whether it be physical or intellectual. When Wollstonecraft says, â€Å"†¦I presume that rational men will excuse me for endeavoring to persuade them [women] to become more masculine and respectable.†(lines 1.81-83) she tells her fellow women to fight for equality, while flattering the opposite sex. Her statement tells women that in order to get what they want [equality] they must change their ways and habits. Its sort of like–If you can’t beat them, join them. There is just one thing holding women from their full potential–men. Wollstonecraft states, â€Å"†¦men who, considering females rather as women than human creatures, have been more anxious to make them alluring mistresses than affectionate wives and rational mothers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (lines 1.17-19) Regardless of what women do there will always be men who will continue to degrade and discourage rational, intelligent, and free-thinking women. Humans have been around for thousands of years, yet men still degrad... ...†¦the heart should be clean†¦Women ought to endeavor to purify their hearts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (lines 1.129-132) Wollstonecraft felt that women had to ignore and shed all of the things that men had told them and taught them. Women need to be themselves and not conform to anyone’s regulations. Wollstonecraft wants women to be strong, to defend their honor and innocence, and to learn to think rationally again. She says, â€Å"Weakness [in women] may excite tenderness, and gratify the arrogant pride of man†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (lines 1.142-143) and â€Å"†¦the woman who strengthens her body and exercises her mind will, by managing her family and practicing various, become the friend, and not the humble dependent of her husband†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (lines 1.145-147) Rational and independent thinking will help women in their endeavor for equality, and Wollstonecraft was an excellent example of that.

Throughout the novel of Captain Corelli’s Mandolin

‘Human nature was fundamentally irrational to the point of insanity.' How is this exemplified in Captain Corelli's mandolin, and what is the role of madness generally in the novel. Throughout the novel of Captain Corelli's mandolin, there have been numerous occasions where the presence of ones insanity has taken over the characters central emotions and influences peculiar behaviour in the form of madness. To the disapproval of the audience and the other characters, the role of madness has become de Bernieres technique of foreshadowing the outcome of the characters who are deemed as ‘possessed' which leads to the inevitable gloom of death. Within the novel there are three main characters which suffer from the plague of madness; Francesco, Mandras and Carlo, although it can be argued that there are many other characters within the novel who can be seen as just as mad. Madness within the novel is expressed through many different factors, these factors are what trigger characters to encounter the condition which in return sets that characters fate. The first encounter of madness within the novel comes in the form of a battered and bruised Francesco. Through the early phases of introducing Francesco, de Bernieres presents the character as a courageous young Italian soldier, Carlo's dearest friend and loyal in serving for his country during the Second World War. The audience is quick to accept Francesco as a good person through the diary entries of Carlo; however it becomes apparent that the destructive and brutal nature of war combined with the harsh climate leads Francesco into losing a grip on reality. This is apparent in his letters to his mother which reads â€Å"I came into this war in a state of innocence, and I leave it so utterly wearied that I am contented to die. this quote reveals Francesco's discontent with serving in the Italian army and marks his first step into insanity. As the novel progresses, so does the deterioration of Francesco's mind as it leads him into his death. â€Å"I reached Francesco and saw that the side of his head had been blown away. The pieces of skull were grey and were coated in membrane and thick blood. † Francesco's death comes about due to his insanity as he progresses into enemy territory unarmed. Through the use of his death, de Bernieres is able to depict a picture on his views on war, which suggests that ultimately war is wrong and leads to the death of innocent people. A Marxist interpretation can also be added to this as it shows how the power of the ruling-class is able to dominate those inferior to them. â€Å"For the bureaucrat, the world is a mere object to be manipulated by him. † We can relate this quote to Francesco as his actions and behavior is premeditated and controlled by those superior to himself. Insanity it seems, is a focal point in de Bernieres' writing as the novel contains many characters who fit underneath the profile. However, there are some characters which can certainly be seen as withholding the trait, but in a less obvious manner. A possible character with such nature would be Carlo. Despite his common appearance with the audience, we can note of such incidents which would certainly be considered insane. A point which would reveal this would be his relationship with Francesco and Antonio. Carlo's judgment of protecting a loved one may at first seem like a valiant and loyal thing to do, but if we observe the people which Carlo is ‘protecting' then we may perhaps change our minds. Carlo's relationship with Francesco starts off as seeming innocent and harmless, until we discover that Francesco is unaware of Carlo's true intentions behind caring for Francesco. I stood up and faced the Greeks. Offering myself to their guns. † This act can be seen as heroic for saving a loved one, but it is repeated later in the novel but this time it is to save Captain Corelli. â€Å"Carlo stood unbroken as one bullet after another burrowed like white-hot parasitic knives into the muscle of his chest. † Carlo's a cts of saving another ones life can certainly be seen as an act of insanity and personally I believe that Carlo's unwise decisions are what ultimately lead to his death. With the inclusion of Carlo within his novel, it can be said that de Bernieres is making a statement which would have been highly controversial during the time at which the novel was based on. Carlo's homosexuality would have certainly caused him to be removed from the army as during the 1940's homosexuality was considered an act of insanity. This also fits in with the link between Carlo and insanity. As well as war, it is noticeable in de Bernieres' novel that it is also the loss of a loved one which leads the beholder into torment and madness. A character which fits this situation is Mandras. Whilst being away from his fianci Pelagia serving in military duty, Mandras suffers heavy losses as he is the only remaining survivor of his entire unit. Left for dead Mandras had to face the tormenting climate in a bid to return home to his beloved Pelagia, to only return unrecognized and unloved. This leaves Mandras in a state which he feels betrayed and becomes shell shocked and mentally disturbed. Mandras' behavior is presented to the audience as insane and like Francesco his fate becomes inevitable. â€Å"Kosmas! Nionios! Krystal! He cried, and waded out into sea. † This is the point where de Bernieres demonstrates a change in character in Mandras, despite being an unlikeable person for committing atrocities this is the part in the novel where Mandras seems like the only sane person in the island of Cephalonia. In my opinion, Mandras' decision to commit suicide reveals a side to him which the audience has not know of him before. It is a point in the novel at which Mandras is at long last at peace, together with his dolphins and the ocean, the few things which Mandras loved. In conclusion I believe that Insanity is explored through different means within the novel. De Bernieres clearly reveals how there can be several reasons behind the development of the mental condition, while Mandras and Carlo had both died due to the fear of losing a loved one. Francesco had ended his life due to the grief and unjust actions of the war. These deaths of young characters reveal how the destructive nature of war can end all hope and ambition within a nation.

Example of Formal Letter †English Course Assignment †Letter to TVs Survivor Programme

Example of Formal Letter – English Course Assignment – Letter to TVs Survivor Programme Free Online Research Papers Example of Formal Letter English Course Assignment Letter to TVs Survivor Programme Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing with regard to your advertisement requesting of volunteers to take part in the next edition of your survivor programme, which I have been watching for the last three seasons. I do not usually tend to fight for things I do not believe deeply in. This is why I am applying for this programme, because I truly think of myself as the kind of person you are looking for in order to give once again the programme the excitement and addiction it has achieved through the years. Since I have always travelled to the poorest areas of the planet where your security relies only on your own survival skills, I feel capable of adapting to the conditions set on your programme, even to the TV cameras. Although I am an adventurous person who will never be afraid of your risky games at least none has scared me to the point that I would hesitate to participate in the reality show I always avoid risking my groups security. It is always important to stop and think of your actions and evaluate the possible consequences, specially when, as in your programme, you are not alone and decisions must be taken for the whole group. Because I think this is not only a survivor programme but a situation where people have to learn to trust their group partners because those who isolate themselves tend to lose in the rivalry for survival. Being sociable is the strongest characteristic I have to be chosen from all the contestants. Referring to the three things I would be allowed to take, I would like to take a family photograph which means much to me and gives me energy when depressed, a jack-knife because I think it may be quite useful for everyone in many cases and, finally, a pen and a diary in order to narrate everything that happens daily. I am looking forward to hearing from you and am available for interview whenever you might request it. Yours faithfully Student Writer Research Papers on Example of Formal Letter - English Course Assignment - Letter to TVs Survivor ProgrammeAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Arguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Influences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesStandardized TestingComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesWhere Wild and West MeetResearch Process Part One

An explanation for the failure of Justin to manage the Asian Pacific Division of Compcorp

An explanation for the failure of Justin to manage the Asian Pacific Division of Compcorp Managing business in the international business environment is quite daunting. The explanation for this observation is that there is a variation in factors of management in diverse business environments.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on An explanation for the failure of Justin to manage the Asian Pacific Division of Compcorp specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different business environments have diverse business cultures that must be mastered and adhered to by any manager who wants to manage a business successfully in the environment (Luthans, Doh Hodgetts, 2012). Several points can be attributed to the failure of Justin to sustain the performance of the company in the Asian Pacific region, in spite of having successfully steered the performance of the company in the United States. One thing that comes out is that Justin has worked in the United States in his entire carrier and his appointment as the vice presiden t of one of the divisions of the company in the Asian Pacific region was one of his international tasks in business management. This task involved managing in a different business culture from the business culture that he was used to. It should be noted that the United States business culture in which Justin came from is quite different from the business culture in the Asia Pacific region where Justin was posted. Heading a new business venture in a new business environment is a comprehensive task. It entails the study and understanding of the models and attributes of management that are embraced in the new environment (Steers, SaÃŒ nchez-Runde Nardon, 2010). As soon as he entered the region, Justin implemented radical measures to turn around the performance of the company’s division in the region, just as he had done with the company’s division in the United States. This was a radical action that only paid off in the short run as the company recorded an improvement i n its performance in the first and second quarters under his tenure. The radical changes that were implemented by Justin did not match with the culture of management in the Asian Pacific region as it is later manifested in the dissatisfaction and demotivation of the employees of the company, resulting in an increased rate of employee turnover in the company. The changes, which imply new strategies of management, can be termed as unsustainable due to their incompatibility with the managerial culture of the Asian Pacific region. Justin did not take time to learn and adjust to the new culture of management after he was appointed as the new vice president in charge of Compcorp’s division in the Asian Pacific region (Luthans, Doh Hodgetts, 2012). The changes in the management strategy, which implied the change in the culture and attributes of management in the new environment, could only work for a limited period of time. However, the employees later fell out with the strategy of management later after learning the difference in the style of leadership that was introduced by Justin and what they were used to.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This explains why the top managers in the organization’s division in the Asian Pacific region left, thereby creating a managerial vacuum in the company. The performance of the company could not be sustained. What Compcorp ought to have done to enhance prospects for Justin’s successful performance The failure of Justin in managing the company’s division can be partly blamed on the management of the mother company in the United States. The realization of the fact that managing in the international environment is complex warrants the attention of executives who seek to use expatriates in managing business. Companies are, thus, required to establish and enhance training programs on international management prior to the discharge of expatriates for foreign assignments (Luthans, Doh Hodgetts, 2012). The case of Justin and his appointment to head the company’s division in the Asian Pacific region is an example of the mistakes that are done by executives, which make it quite daunting for companies to thrive in foreign business environments. The management of the company was well aware that Justin had no experience of managing in a foreign business culture, despite having excelled in managing one of the company’s divisions in the United States. Marx (2001) observed that most companies launch expatriate programs as part of the initiatives of dealing with the problem of cross-cultural management. Cross-cultural programs entail offering training and guiding employees or expatriates on how to approach and deal with the variations in the attributes of management in a foreign business culture. Multi-cultural programs have become a common feature of manage ment in multinational companies, most of which choose the hybrid system of management, just as was with Compcorp. Therefore, training was a critical element that could have been embraced by the management of Compcorp as part of embracing Justin’s knowledge on managing in the foreign business environment. The other strategy that could have been used by the company is the embrace of indirect learning and adaptability by letting Justin to enter the Asian Pacific region on a lower rank so that he could learn the culture of management in the region before being promoted to the position of the vice president (Menipaz Menipaz, 2011). Managerial initiatives in international management Prospects of management in a foreign business culture have to be captured by any person who wants to succeed in enhancing the performance of a company in a foreign business environment. The foreign business can present challenges, as well opportunities on which the management can rely on in enhancing t he performance of a subsidiary firm in such an environment.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on An explanation for the failure of Justin to manage the Asian Pacific Division of Compcorp specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, detecting and understanding the nature of challenges, as well as the opportunities that prevail in the foreign business environment requires deeper insight into the given business environment. Learning the trends of management and the culture that is embraced in the foreign business environment ought to be the first thing that should be given priority by an expatriate manager. Expatriate managers have to establish workable relationships with the local staffs, who act as key resource persons in helping them learn about the desirable attributes of management in the foreign business environment (Marx, 2001). As it comes out in the case, Justin also stands to be blamed for his failure to succeed in managing the Compcorp division in the Asian Pacific region. According to Menipaz and Menipaz (2011), expatriate managers under the hybrid strategy of managing in a foreign environment must learn from both the superior employees, as well as employees in the lower rank. What is depicted in the case is that the employees of the company become dissatisfied with the style of management that was used by Justin. If Justin had taken time to consult from the managers on how to go about the managerial practices in the company, then he could not probably have faced the kind of problem that was witnessed in the organization. References Luthans, F., Doh, J. P., Hodgetts, R. M. (2012). International management: Culture, strategy, and behavior. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Marx, E. (2001). Breaking through culture shock: What you need to succeed in international business. London: Nicholas Brealey. Menipaz, E., Menipaz, A. (2011). International business: Theory and Practice. London: SAGE.Advert ising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Steers, R. M., SaÃŒ nchez-Runde, C., Nardon, L. (2010). Management across cultures: Challenges and strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Strategic Human Resources Management Assignment

Strategic Human Resources Management - Assignment Example ger responsibility requiring the involvement of different organizational capabilities is much higher than when recruitment is considered the sole responsibility of a small group of people hired for the purpose of administering recruitment activity. Armstrong (2009, p. 87) underscores that ‘No single aspect of HR strategy should be considered in isolation. The links between one area and other complementary areas need to be established so that the ways in which they can provide mutual support to the overall strategy can be ascertained.’ Burke describes the impact of incorporating Likert’s System 4 of Participative Group Management. This organizational decision led to internal habit changes and recruitment process changes. Top management representatives drove this organizational change and ensured active participation by the various departments. The recruitment process included observation of candidates in different situations and the decision of recruitment was given in the hands of the people who were to be worked with. The selection process included a feedback session with the candidate that explained the reason the candidate’s acceptance or rejection. (2002, p. 86) This experience highlights the need for an organizational view about the manner in which recruitment and selection processes should be designed, who alongside the recruitment function should be party to the process design and gauge system and manpower capabilities to sustain the processes. The recruitment function holds primary responsibility for the implementation of the process but organizational involvement is necessary to review contradictory practices and curtail unrealistic expectations. Industry performance, competitor action, customer expectation and shareholder satisfaction form the factors that determine the competitive advantage of the firm. Companies adopt hiring practices to suit the supply-demand situation of the labor market. The labor market, competitive industry practices

IS628 Real-time Business intelligence at continental airlines Case Study

IS628 Real-time Business intelligence at continental airlines - Case Study Example Based on the data collected by its active data warehousing program, the management team of Continental conducts a process meeting every day to discuss about the company’s progress. There exists a strong believe among the management team members that, a thing which cannot be measured, can never be managed. Therefore in order to keep in track with the experiences of their customers using the airlines, the management team members were solely dependent on the active data warehousing program. The company’s performance was analyzed by several factors such as their customer’s satisfaction regarding flight arrival and departure times, handling of baggage, and many more. Other areas were Continental Airlines used active data warehousing are airline security, operations of flight, revenue accounting and management, fraud detection, and others. In addition to traditional ways of using active data warehousing, Continental airlines used it differently for reconstructing their goals and making their airlines the most favorite choice for their customers. They made use of active data warehousing to the maximum possible extent to gain information regarding their customer’s experience as well as the company’s performance based on its implementation. The information gathered using the real-time warehousing program was interpreted in such a way that it helped the management team of Continental to make necessary changes to improve the experience of their customers and alter their entire business to match with the needs of their customers. Continental Airlines was once at the verge of bankruptcy but achieved a turnaround after implementing some optimal strategies. Continental revolutionized its functioning by adopting strategies relevant to Business Intelligence. ‘Go Forward’ was the earliest plan adopted by Continental for revolutionizing itself. The

Pharmaceutical indusrry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pharmaceutical indusrry - Essay Example With this monopoly, comes a lot of power which gives pharmaceutical companies the incentive to focus on the large amount of capital needed for research and development. This then allows them to profit more from competitive companies by use of these patents. Without these patents, only one company, which had invested in research and development, would be responsible for development a new drug into the system. All the other pharmaceuticals would only be responsible for reproducing this new, innovative drug. Pharmaceutical companies are trying hard to recover the research and development costs that are incurred during the innovation of a new drug. One of the ways of achieving this is by marketing these drugs. Unlike most consumer drugs that can be purchased from the seller to the buyer directly, these drugs have to be prescriptions from the doctor or physician. Without these prescriptions, the drugs cannot be legally sold. Since the physician does not stand to legally profit from authorizing the drug to be used, the drug companies stopped the advertising campaigns that were directed at physicians. This was mainly because the physicians would likely act in their own interest, and in the best interest of the patient, as well. However, as time went by, the FDA (Food and Drugs Administration), began letting the pharmaceuticals to do direct consumer exchanges (Acemoglu, p 1). This made them target their advertising and campaigns to consumers. The aim of this was that when the consumer went t o the physician they could ask for a drug. This in effect, increased the advertising costs and raised the costs of innovative new drugs. Clinical trials have significantly increased because of the reduced willingness of test subjects. This coupled with greater challenges in drug trials are responsible for an increase in costs. Due to increased development,

Mary Warren Essay Example for Free

Mary Warren Essay Arthur Miller Shows Mary Warren in different limelight’s of power. At the beginning of the play there is an aspect of her having no power but as you go through the play there seems to be shifts in her power. Miller uses Mary to demonstrate young, single women’s power and how when you have so much power it can just slip right out of your hands in one brief moment. Miller shows that power can be taken away pretty easily and quite absentmindedly from Mary Warren’s character. He demonstrates this by making her young and single and setting the scene to a subservient, naive girl. This makes her prepared to answer and obey others unquestioningly and serving as a means to an end. In Act 1, Mary has a conversation with Abigail about the dancing. ‘I never done any of it, Abby. I only looked. ’ This shows us that she lacks the confidence to get involved, making us see that Miller is trying to present a very timid, scared girl. Marys fear is also shown through this dialogue. A sense of her having no power is shown through Millers use of stage direction. ‘(Enter Proctor. On seeing him Mary jumps in fright)’. Miller is trying to illustrate the lack of confidence and courage she has to stand up to him. This is also a remark of the amount of importance he has upon her. This is also shown in dialogue. ‘I forbid you to leave the house’. In these quotes Miller shows that young, single women have very little to no power and importance in Salem at this time. By Act 2 Mary Warrens character develops, so much so that Elizabeth is starting to fear her, ‘She frightened all my strengths away. ’ This shows that Miller is making Mary stronger and more confidence that other characters have to talk about her behind her back. Even though Proctor still believes she is a ‘mouse’ and still sees her as that, Elizabeth says ‘It is a mouse no more. ’ Miller makes the other character see that there has been a spark switch on in Marys head. All this is shown through the dialogue of the other characters on the stage at this time. Miller uses other characters to illustrate how Mary’s character has changed over a little while. At the end of act two there is an immediate power shift between Proctor and Mary. This is when Mary tells Proctor ‘I saved her life today’. ‘Her’ meaning Elizabeth, when Mary shares this with Proctor, he lowers the whip. The power shift is symbolised with this exact moment, Miller shows this moment through a stage direction. Then Marys dialogue after the power shift shows a side of Mary that we have never seen before, this is where she finally decides to stand up for herself. Miller shows her frustration at her lack of power and her lack of freedom that she is missing out on in a stage direction and her dialogue. ‘(with a stamp of her foot): I’ll not be ordered to bed no more, Mr Proctor! I am eighteen and a woman, however single. ’ In this quote Miller presents a respectful lady, however angry, who knows her authorities around the Proctors but still thinks that she has some say in what she does in her life. Miller also shows a depth to Mary’s character through her dialogue. In Act 3, Mary has reverted to her timid self like we saw in Act 1, this is shown through her silence and through Proctor speaking for her. In this part Miller tries to make her the weakest character in this Act through stage directions such as ‘(Mary is keeping her eyes to the ground)’ At the end of Act 3, Proctor threatens Mary in to telling the judges that Elizabeth did and is not using witchcraft and accusing Abigail of using it instead. This is effective because Proctor use his tender side for most of this Act ‘(He lifts Mary’s chin. ) You cannot weep, Mary. Remember the angel, what he says to the boy. But at the last minute Proctor turns on his threatening side and turns on Mary to help him. This is just like at the end of Act 2 when he decides to turn on Mary, there is a strong correlation between Mary’s power and her importance. Abigail also starts to threaten Mary in to accusing Proctor of using witchcraft and not to listen to Proctor no more by pretending that Mary is using witchcraft. ‘(backing further, eyes still fixed above): Mary, please don’t hurt me! ’ Miller tries to show in this part that Mary is powerless by using Abigail’s dialogue to portray this.

The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde :: Picture Dorian Gray Oscar Wilde Essays

The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde â€Å"Like the painting of a sorrow, A face without a heart.† - Hamlet When I went to the movies, I didn’t expect to be so intrigued by the characters that I would want to read about them individually. â€Å"The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen† had many interesting characters: Mena the vampire, Alan Quartermain the hunter, Skinner the invisible man, Nemo the pirate, Dr. Jekyll the scientist, Tom Sawyer of the CIA, and Dorian Gray the immortal. Out of all the characters, Dorian Gray seemed to have the most interesting story to tell. I didn’t know anything about the book, but when I went to the book store, I asked for anything about Dorian Gray that they might have. I was both embarrassed and surprised when the lady picked out several books and asked which one I wanted. The Picture of Dorian Gray was the story of a man who starts out as an innocent, loving boy, but then he made the â€Å"Devil’s Bargain-- the exchange of one’s external soul for extreme but, alas, temporary gratification.† His sins, pa in, and suffering go into a painting of himself made by his friend, Basil Hallward. Lord Henry Wotton was the older man who began corrupting Dorian and made him more vain and cynical. A big part of the story was the relationship between Dorian and his cursed painting, and I believe the painting has more than one meaning in this book. The first thing the painting reminded one of was a drug addict and his drug. After Dorian brought the painting home and realized that it was aging and he wasn’t, he hid it under a screen. Eventually, he hid it away in a locked room because his servants were curious as to why he had kept it covered. Yet, even though he was ashamed of it, he kept going into the room to study the portrait, such as an addict going back for more supplies.